Summary of bronchitis symptoms
If you are experiencing acute bronchitis, it may present with cold-like symptoms such as:
- Cough
- Mucus (sputum) production can be clear, white, yellowish-gray, or green, and occasionally may contain streaks of blood.
- Sore throat
- Mild headache and body aches.
- Mild fever accompanied by chills
- Fatigue
- Chest discomfort
- Difficulty breathing and wheezing sounds.
These symptoms typically improve within roughly a week, but a persistent cough may continue for several weeks.
Signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis may include:
- Cough
- Production of mucus
- Fatigue
- Chest discomfort
- Shortness of breath
Chronic bronchitis is usually characterized by a productive cough lasting at least 3 months and occurring over two consecutive years. People with this condition often experience periods when their cough or other symptoms intensify. Additionally, an acute infection can develop on top of chronic bronchitis.
What exactly is bronchitis?
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which transport air to and from your lungs. Those with bronchitis often cough up thick, discolored mucus. The condition may develop suddenly and be short-lived (acute), or it can begin gradually and become long-lasting (chronic).
Acute bronchitis is a common condition that often develops after a cold or respiratory infection. Also known as a chest cold, it typically gets better within 1 to 2 weeks without long-term effects, although the cough may persist for several weeks.
Chronic bronchitis is a more severe condition involving ongoing irritation or inflammation of the bronchial tube linings, often due to smoking. If you experience recurrent episodes of bronchitis, it may indicate chronic bronchitis, which requires medical diagnosis and treatment. This condition is part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
What are the causes of bronchitis?
Viruses are the common cause of acute bronchitis, often the same ones responsible for colds and the flu (influenza). Many highly contagious viruses can lead to acute bronchitis. Since antibiotics don’t target viruses, they are generally ineffective for treating this condition.
Viruses primarily spread from person to person via droplets released when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks, which you then breathe in. They can also spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, which occurs when you touch an object containing the virus and then touch your mouth, eyes, or nose.
Cigarette smoking is the most common cause of chronic bronchitis. Additionally, exposure to air pollution, dust, or toxic gases, whether in the environment or at work, can also contribute to the development of the condition.
What are the risk factors for bronchitis?
Factors that increase your risk of bronchitis are:
- Cigarette smoke increases the risk of both acute and chronic bronchitis for smokers and those living with them.
- Low resistance can be caused by acute illnesses like a cold or by chronic conditions that weaken your immune system. Older adults, infants, and young children are particularly vulnerable to infections.
- Being exposed to irritants at work increases your risk of developing bronchitis, especially if you are around lung irritants like grains, textiles, or chemical fumes.
- Gastric reflux, characterized by frequent severe heartburn, can irritate your throat and increase the risk of bronchitis.
How is bronchitis diagnosed?
In the early stages of illness, it may be hard to tell the symptoms of acute bronchitis apart from those of a common cold. During your physical exam, your doctor will listen carefully to your lungs with a stethoscope as you breathe.
In some cases, your doctor may recommend the following tests:
- A chest X-ray helps identify if you have pneumonia or another condition that might be causing your cough. This is particularly important if you smoke or have smoked in the past.
- Sputum tests can help identify if you have infections that antibiotics might treat. They can also detect signs of allergies.
- A pulmonary function test identifies signs of asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema.
What treatment options are available for bronchitis?
Most cases of acute bronchitis recover on their own within a few weeks. In certain instances, your doctor might suggest additional medications, such as:
- Cough medicine.
- Other medications, like inhalers, are also available.
- Antibiotics.
- Therapies such as pulmonary rehabilitation or oxygen therapy are used, depending on the condition.
How Can You Prevent Bronchitis?
To lower your chances of developing bronchitis, consider these helpful tips:
- Get an annual flu shot, as many cases of acute bronchitis are caused by the influenza virus. A yearly flu vaccine can help protect you from the flu. Additionally, consult your doctor or clinic to see whether you need a vaccination against specific types of pneumonia.
- Wash your hands regularly to lower your risk of viral infections. Make it a habit to use alcohol-based hand sanitizer frequently. Additionally, avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth.
- Avoid close contact with individuals who are infected with a virus. Keep your distance from people who are suffering from the flu or other respiratory diseases.
- Avoid cigarette smoke. It increases your risk of chronic bronchitis.
- Wear a suitable face covering. If you have COPD, think about wearing a mask at work when exposed to dust or fumes. Consult your employer regarding proper safety measures. Using a face mask in crowded places can help lower the risk of infection.
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Living with bronchitis
Having bronchitis can be pretty frustrating. Even once symptoms like a runny nose and body aches fade, the cough may linger. Over-the-counter medicines and home remedies, such as honey, can help you cope until recovery. If managing your symptoms becomes difficult, consult your healthcare provider. Frequent episodes of bronchitis may indicate chronic bronchitis, which may be caused by an underlying condition requiring treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is menthol vapor rub good for bronchitis?
You might consider using vapor rubs, such as Vicks VapoRub® or Mentholatum® ointment, for various ailments and wonder if they are effective against bronchitis. These vapor rubs contain ingredients designed to soothe coughs, which may help alleviate bronchitis symptoms. However, avoid applying Vicks VapoRub on children under 2 without consulting your pediatrician.
How do bronchitis and pneumonia differ?
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways going to the lungs, while pneumonia is an inflammation of lung tissue. Bronchitis leads to inflammation and mucus in the trachea and bronchi, causing a persistent cough. Pneumonia results in inflammation and fluid buildup in the alveoli, making breathing difficult. Symptoms typically include a cough and fever. Pneumonia is generally more severe than bronchitis. Although infections can cause both, bronchitis rarely progresses into pneumonia.
Can bronchitis resolve on its own?
Yes, acute bronchitis typically resolves on its own. A virus almost always causes it, and most viral infections cannot be cured with medicine. You can manage symptoms at home while the inflammation decreases. Bronchitis due to other causes may require treatment to resolve. Chronic bronchitis usually does not completely resolve, but it can improve with proper treatment.
What is the typical duration for recovering from bronchitis?
Most people recover from bronchitis in about 2 weeks, though it may take 3 to 6 weeks. You can manage your symptoms at home with OTC medicines during recovery. If there is no improvement after three weeks, consult your healthcare provider.
How long are you contagious with acute bronchitis?
Bronchitis itself is not contagious, but some causes are. If a virus causes it, you may be infectious for a few days to a week. If bacteria are the cause, you are usually no longer contagious 24 hours after starting antibiotics. Other causes of bronchitis are not infectious.
