Summary of dry skin symptoms
Dry skin can be temporary or seasonal, such as occurring only in winter, or require ongoing treatment. Its signs and symptoms may vary depending on factors such as age, health, skin tone, environment, and sun exposure. These include:
- A sensation of skin tightness.
- Rough-looking and feeling skin
- Itchiness (pruritus)
- Slight to severe flaking of the skin, which causes the ashy look that can affect dry brown and black skin
- Mild to severe scaling or peeling.
- Leg with a cracked, ‘dry riverbed’ appearance.
- Fine lines or cracks
- Skin colour varies from reddish on white skin to greyish on brown and black skin.
- Deep cracks that could bleed
What exactly is dry skin?
Dry skin causes the skin to appear and feel rough, itchy, flaky, or scaly. The areas where these dry patches develop differ among individuals. It is a widespread condition that can affect people of any age.
Dry skin, called xerosis or xeroderma, can be caused by cold or dry weather, sun damage, harsh soaps, and excessive bathing.
You can do a lot on your own to improve dry skin, including moisturising and practising year-round sun protection. Try different products and skincare routines to find an approach that works for you.
What are the causes of dry skin?
Dry skin occurs due to water loss in the skin’s outer layer and may be caused by:
- Heat.
- Environment.
- Bathing or scrubbing excessively.
- Harsh soaps and detergents.
- Other skin conditions include atopic dermatitis (eczema) and psoriasis.
- Medical treatments.
- Age
What are the risk factors associated with dry skin?
Anyone can develop dry skin, but you are at increased risk if you:
- Are over 40, as the skin’s ability to retain moisture diminishes with age.
- Reside in cold, windy environments or areas with low humidity.
- Engage in a profession that involves immersing your hands in water, like nursing or hairstyling.
- Use your hands to manipulate cement, clay, or soil.
- Swim regularly in pools that are chlorinated.
- Have specific diseases or conditions, like hypothyroidism, diabetes, or malnutrition.
How can you diagnose dry skin?
To diagnose dry skin, your doctor will probably examine you and inquire about your medical history. You may discuss when your dry skin began, what factors improve or worsen it, your bathing routines, and your skin care practices.
Your doctor might recommend tests to determine whether an underlying medical condition, such as hypothyroidism, is causing your dry skin. Dry skin can also be a sign of other skin conditions, such as dermatitis or psoriasis.
What are effective methods for treating dry skin?
Dry skin often responds well to lifestyle measures, such as using moisturisers and avoiding long, hot showers and baths. If you have dehydrated skin, your doctor may recommend a moisturiser formulated for your needs.
If you have a serious skin condition, a doctor might suggest a prescription cream or ointment. For dry, itchy skin, a hydrocortisone lotion could be recommended. If your skin cracks open, your doctor may prescribe wet dressings to reduce the risk of infection. You can also check your skin symptoms using our tool to better understand your condition and get personalized guidance.
What are effective ways to prevent dry skin during dry weather?
Try these suggestions to keep your skin hydrated:
- Moisturise.
- Limit water exposure.
- Use a mild cleanser or an allergen-free soap.
- Shave with care.
- Wear clothing that covers as much skin as possible in cold or windy weather.
- Wear gloves.
- Rinse off and apply moisturiser after swimming.
- Drink whenever you feel thirsty.
- Handle babies gently when bathing them.
Check Your Symptoms
Living with dry skin
Dry skin often appears rough and flaky, and may be accompanied by itching and discomfort. Fortunately, it generally doesn’t lead to severe long-term issues. While dry skin is usually a chronic condition, it is easily managed. Consult your healthcare provider for advice on preventing and soothing dry skin. If conditions like eczema contribute to dry skin, your provider can prescribe medications and suggest effective treatment strategies.
FAQs
Why is my skin so dry even though I moisturise?
There are many reasons why your skin might still be dry despite using lotion or moisturiser. The product may contain ingredients unsuitable for your skin type, such as isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, or sulfates. Over-washing your skin or using very hot water can also cause dryness. Additionally, you might not be applying moisturiser often enough throughout the day, or you might be using the wrong type of moisturiser for your skin. For optimal results, use a rich moisturiser at night and a light one during the day. Also, check if your moisturiser has expired. Persistent dry skin might indicate an underlying condition requiring medical attention. If you’re struggling to improve your dry skin, consult your healthcare provider or a dermatologist.
What are the signs of dry skin?
Most people can effectively manage dry skin by applying a daily moisturiser and taking proactive measures, such as reducing exposure to hot temperatures and irritants. Proper care of dry skin is essential for overall health. Rough, dry skin can be uncomfortable, and if it becomes scorched, it may crack and break open, increasing the risk of infection.
Are there any side effects of having dry skin?
Untreated or dehydrated skin can crack, bleed, and create open sores or wounds. These breaks in the skin can allow germs to enter and cause infections. In rare cases, dry, itchy skin may signal a more serious health condition, such as diabetes or kidney disease.
What foods or beverages can I consume to improve dry skin?
Some foods and drinks can cause dehydration by drawing water from your body. Stay away from those that contain alcohol, caffeine, sugar, or salt.
Which areas of my body are likely to have dry skin?
You can have dry skin anywhere on your body, but the most common places include your hands, feet, face, elbows, around your mouth, genitals, and legs.
